Two electrochemical potentials: μ+ for right-movers, μ− for left-movers  (Datta Ch. 8, Figs. 8.2–8.5)

Linear response with μ₁ = 1 and μ₂ = 0: the source injects extra right-moving electrons (blue →), backscattering turns some into left-movers (red ←), and both contacts absorb whatever reaches them. The density of each stream, measured in bins, is its electrochemical potential (Eq. 2.11). Compare with Datta's solution of Eq. 8.13 (lines).

Transmission T measured · λ/(L+λ)–
δμ = μ+ − μ− (measured · Eq. 11.13)–
Drop at each contact = qIRB/2–
R / RB = 1 + L/λ–